How to read a result
Percentages become decimals before multiplication. Calculations retain precision until values are formatted for display. Dollar results normally show two decimal places; credit denominations and BTC inputs may need more precision.
Total return includes money paid back with the original stake. Net result subtracts the amount staked. Expected value is a probability-weighted average across possible results. Observed return describes the betting record you enter.
Formula reference
In the formulas below, RTP, house edge, contribution, and comp rate are decimal fractions unless a percent sign is shown.
| Calculation | Method |
|---|---|
| Total wagering | Sum every stake, or fixed stake × number of rounds. |
| Theoretical return | Total wagering × RTP. |
| Expected net result | Theoretical return − total wagering. |
| Expected loss | Total wagering − theoretical return. |
| House edge | 1 − RTP. |
| Observed return | Total returned ÷ positive total wagering × 100%. |
| Qualifying bonus wagering | Defined wagering base × multiplier. |
| Required actual turnover | Qualifying wagering ÷ positive contribution. |
| Remaining qualifying wagering | Maximum of zero or target − credited progress. |
| Simplified bonus value | Cashable bonus − full required turnover × house edge. |
| Free-spin theoretical gross return | Spin count × value per spin × RTP. |
| Credit value | Credits × dollars per credit. |
| BTC net dollar value | BTC amount × entered USD-per-BTC rate − entered USD fees. |
| Expected value | Sum of each possible net outcome × its probability. |
| Average daily theoretical | Total wagering × house edge ÷ counted gaming days. |
| Modeled comps | Total theoretical loss × assumed comp rate. |
| 2026 statutory gambling-loss limit | Smaller of 90% of eligible losses or gambling winnings. |
Limits that matter
A recorded return can exceed 100%. A theoretical RTP above 100% produces an expected gain. A zero wagering total has no defined observed percentage. A zero contribution rate cannot advance a positive bonus requirement; an already satisfied requirement needs zero further turnover.
The bonus value assumes completion and a cashable bonus. It cannot determine exact cashout value or the probability of completing an offer from RTP alone. The comps tool uses your assumed rate and counted days. The BTC conversion uses your entered rate.
The tax tool covers a fixed-rate 2026 federal scenario for US resident recreational gamblers. It applies the loss limit only within its stated deduction assumptions. Unsure or switching deduction methods requires a complete-return comparison, so the tool does not give a single-rate estimate in that case.
The Casino Hold'em tool enumerates 1,070,190 card combinations for the displayed preset. Its call and fold values both include the ante. Other rules or side bets require a different model.
Sources and corrections
Arithmetic examples are calculated from the figures printed beside them. Tax explanations use IRS guidance and the current statute. The Hold'em preset uses the linked provider's rules. These primary references were checked on November 3, 2026.
A calculation report should identify the page, inputs, output, expected result, and any rule or source that explains the difference. Copy the calculation and use About and corrections to prepare a report you can review and share.
The publication approach is to pair each working tool with readable explanations and source links. Google's guidance on helpful, reliable content is included below as an editorial reference.
Sources and assumptions
References checked November 3, 2026. Tax and provider rules can change.